Ecoregions of Brazil

Located in the mountainous regions of Southern Atlantic Brazil and extending into northeastern Argentina, the Araucaria moist forests ecoregion is a remarkable example of the ecological abundance found within the Atlantic Forest biome. This coniferous forest ecoregion boasts diverse landscapes, unique flora, and a rich biodiversity.

The Serra do Mar Coastal Forests, an ecoregion nestled along the southeastern coast of Brazil, stand as a bastion of biodiversity and ecological richness within the Atlantic Forest biome. This ecoregion encompasses a mosaic of montane forests, high summits, and lush valleys, creating a haven for many plant and animal species. These forests remain a vital stronghold for conservation efforts, harboring endemic species and a critical center of endemism in South America.

The Upper Paraná Atlantic forests, also known as "Selva Paranaense," represent a verdant expanse of tropical moist forests nestled within the South American Atlantic Forest biome. This ecoregion, characterized by its rich biodiversity and ecological significance, stretches across the southern reaches of the Brazilian Highlands, extending through southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina.

The Juruá-Purus Moist Forests are in northwestern Brazil, south of the upper Amazon River. The ecoregion covers the valleys between the upper Amazon to the Purus River. It is part of the Amazon Biome and is mainly covered with evergreen tropical rainforests with a dense high canopy.

The Pantepui forests and shrublands ecoregion in the Guiana Highlands of northern South America hosts an archipelago of more than 50 tabletop mountains with isolated sandstone plateaus and summits atop nearly vertical escarpments called tepuis.

The Southwest Amazon moist forests are in the upper Amazon Basin, encompassing parts of Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia. The vast ecoregion contains some of the richest and largest tracts of intact tropical rainforest in the Amazon. Its inaccessibility has kept most of the habitat intact.

Nestled in the heart of eastern Bolivia and extending into western Brazil, the Chiquitano dry forests ecoregion is a unique and biodiverse haven characterized by its distinct vegetation and remarkable adaptation to a semi-arid climate. This ecoregion is a tapestry of dry forests, savannas, and gallery forests, providing a glimpse into nature's resilience and the intricate interplay between flora and fauna.

The Guianan Highlands moist forests ecoregion is a captivating and unique landscape in northern South America. This region is a mosaic of rainforests, savannas, and gallery forests covering parts of Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Suriname, French Guiana, and Colombia. Sitting on the ancient Guiana Shield, this ecoregion is a testament to the geological forces that have shaped it over millions of years, creating a remarkable biodiverse ecosystem.

Stretching across the northeastern coast of South America, the Guianan moist forests ecoregion is one of the world's most extensive tracts of relatively pristine lowland tropical rainforests. This vast expanse of verdant wilderness spans the Guianas—Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana—and parts of eastern Venezuela and northern Brazil. The Guianan moist forests are a biodiversity hotspot, harboring a wide variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic to this ecoregion.

The Guianan savanna is a diverse ecoregion in South America, spanning Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and parts of northern Brazil. It is a unique mosaic of upland plains, forests, and sandstone formations embedded within the tropical rainforest landscape of the Guiana Shield. The savanna showcases a rich tapestry of endemic species and is a testament to the incredible diversity of ecosystems within the Neotropics.