Historic Town of Olinda

Olinda is a historic town in northeastern Pernambuco, Brazil. Located atop a hill on the Atlantic coast, it is situated just a few kilometers north of the state capital, Recife. It is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and colonial architecture.

Olinda was founded in 1535 by the Portuguese and quickly became an important center of trade and culture during the colonial period. Today, it is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and attracts visitors worldwide.

Olinda's history is linked to the sugarcane industry, founded in 1537 by the Portuguese Duarte Coelho Pereira as the colonial capital of Pernambuco. Imported African slave labor made it a feudal and ecclesiastical stronghold until slavery was abolished in 1888.

Olinda served from the last years of the 16th century onward as one of the most important centers of the sugarcane industry, which for almost two centuries was the mainstay of the Brazilian economy.

In 1630, the Dutch captured the city, occupying it until 1654. By that time, its place of leadership had passed to Recife, which became the colonial capital.

Olinda today has a population of nearly 400,000 people and covers just over 41 sq km (16 sq mi). It is noted as one of the best-preserved colonial cities in Brazil.

The main economic activities in Olinda are based on tourism, commerce, the transportation industry, and art craft. The city is home to a large colony of artists who produce wood carvings and pottery.

Its colorful streets, picturesque squares, and well-preserved colonial buildings characterize the town. The architecture reflects a blend of Portuguese, Dutch, and indigenous influences, showcasing a unique mix of styles.

Historic Center

The historic center of Olinda is particularly notable, featuring narrow cobblestone streets lined with vibrant houses adorned with ornate balconies, tiles, and façades.

One of the most iconic landmarks in Olinda is the Alto da Sé, a hilltop square that offers breathtaking views of the town and the Atlantic Ocean. The square is home to the Sé Cathedral, an impressive church built in the 16th century. The cathedral's tall bell tower is a recognizable symbol of Olinda.

The Historic Center of Olinca is dominated by:

• the Catedral Alto da Sé, the former Jesuit church and college (now the church of Nossa Senhora da Graça)

• the Palácio Episcopal, the Misericórdia church

• the convents of the Franciscans, Carmelites and Benedictines

• various public buildings ranging from the 17th to 19th centuries

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