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The Peninsular Ranges System is a series of six coastal mountain ranges that run from north to south along the entire length of the Baja California Peninsula in northwestern Mexico. The Tres Vírgenes volcanic complex contains the only stratovolcanoes on the peninsula.

Calilegua is the largest national park in the Argentine Northwest, covering a biologically diverse environment. It is also the largest protected area in Argentina dedicated to the conservation of subtropical evergreen mountain rain forests known as Southern Andean Yungas.

The Serra da Mantiqueira is a mountain range that spans approximately 320 km (200 mi) across three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Rivers formed in these mountains supply a large number of cities in the Southeast Region of Brazil with water.

Ollantaytambo is a town and archaeological site located at the northern edge of the Sacred Valley. It was a military, religious and agricultural center. At the time of the Spanish conquest of Peru, it was a stronghold for the Inca resistance and is the only Inca town that is still inhabited.

Main Ridge is the primary mountainous spine of the island of Tobago in the southern Caribbean. The Main Ridge Forest Reserve, which encompasses about 10,000 acres of tropical rain forest, is one of the oldest protected areas in the world.

The Nazca Plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific Ocean off the west coast of South America. Its subduction beneath South America is responsible for the Andes Mountains. The Galápagos hotspot is responsible for the Galápagos Islands.

The Cocos Plate is a tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America. It is named for Cocos Island, which is the only emergent island of the plate.