Biomes / Ecosystems of Brazil

The Atlantic Coastal Lowlands extend along Brazil's eastern coastline, from Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. This region is characterized by sandy beaches, lagoons, and mangrove swamps, with flat plains that gradually rise inland toward the Brazilian Highlands. It holds historical and economic significance, containing some of Brazil's largest cities and essential ecosystems supporting biodiversity.

South America's Arid Diagonal is a vast belt of arid and semi-arid ecosystems extending from coastal Peru to southeastern Argentina and northeastern Brazil. The region encompasses diverse desert systems, including the hyperarid Atacama, the ENSO-influenced Sechura, the biodiverse Monte, the wind-swept Patagonian Desert, and the high-altitude Puna. Despite extreme aridity, the diagonal harbors remarkable biodiversity with high endemism levels, particularly in transition zones, though it faces conservation challenges from overgrazing, mining, agricultural expansion, and climate change.