Landforms of South America

Trindade and Martin Vaz is an archipelago situated east of the coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The archipelago consists of two main volcanic islands and several islets, mainly barren with rugged terrain. The islands occupy the Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands tropical forest ecoregion.

The Tunupa Volcano is located in the Potosí Department in southwestern Bolivia at the center of the Altiplano-Puna plateau. The now-dormant volcano is situated on a peninsula between Bolivia's most extensive salt flats, Salar de Uyuni and Salar de Coipasa.

The Uruguay River is a major river in South America. Its headwaters originate in Brazil's coastal range. The river forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina before eventually joining the Paraná River to form the Río de la Plata estuary.

Valdés Peninsula in Patagonia features significant biodiversity, including highly fragile terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The dynamic coastal zone features rocky cliffs, shallow bays, coastal lagoons, and small islands. It is both a Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site.

The Venezuelan Andes form the northernmost extension of the Andes Mountains system. Cordillera de Mérida, commonly considered the proper Venezuelan Andes, along with the Serranía del Perijá, make up the Andean natural region of Venezuela.